@article {88, title = {Non-monophyly of Buglossoides (Boraginaceae: Lithospermeae): Phylogenetic and morphological evidence for the expansion of Glandora and reappraisal of Aegonychon}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {63}, year = {2014}, chapter = {1065}, abstract = {

The phylogeny of the small Old World genus Buglossoides and its position in tribe Lithospermeae was investigated
using nrDNA and cpDNA sequences and morphology. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of ITS-5.8S and trnL-trnF
IGS datasets consistently show that this group is close to Glandora and Lithospermum but not monophyletic. Of the seven spe-
cies usually included, two were retrieved in the genus Glandora, i.e., B. goulandrisiorum from northern Greece and B. gastonii
from the western Pyrenees. Based also on morphology and ecology, the placement of these two rare, rupicolous endemics in
Glandora is here advocated and new combinations are made. The rest of Buglossoides includes two early-diverging clades,
one with annual taxa of section Buglossoides and one with the three perennials of section Margarospermum. Morphological,
palynological and ecological data support the separation of these two groups in distinct genera, Buglossoides s.str. and the
old but largely neglected Aegonychon. Within Buglossoides, two main clades correspond to the B. arvensis and B. incrassata
complexes. These show a largely sympatric distribution from the south Mediterranean to central and northern Europe. Com-
bined with their strong phenotypic polymorphism, this causes difficulties in the distinction between taxa of the two clades,
especially without characteristic cotyledons or fruiting material. Molecular and morphological evidence clearly support the
transfer of the west Mediterranean B. arvensis subsp. permixta to the B. incrassata complex.

}, keywords = {Aegonychon; Boraginaceae; Buglossoides; Glandora; ITS; morphology; pollen; phylogeny; trnL-trnF IGS}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/635.4}, author = {L. Cecchi and A. Coppi and H. H. Hilger and Federico Selvi} } @article {43, title = {J.G.C. Lehmann{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteright}Botanical Observations{\textquoteright} of 1818 on Coldenia, Colsmannia, Cynoglossum, and Omphalodes (commented translation)}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014///}, pages = {e1064}, abstract = {

An annotated English translation of a German early 19th century text including Latin diagnoses is presented with a high-quality scan of the original publication and direct links to the cited pages with taxon and literature citations (including TL-2 entries).

}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.2.e1064}, url = {http://biodiversitydatajournal.com/articles.php?id=1064}, author = {HH Hilger and Cole, TCH and Federico Selvi} } @article {42, title = {Ontogeny, morphology, and systematic significance of glochidiate and winged fruits of Cynoglosseae and Eritrichieae (Boraginaceae)}, journal = {Plant diversity and evolution}, volume = {131}, year = {2014}, month = {2014///}, pages = {167 - 214}, abstract = {

The development of flowers and fruits of 23 species of the Cynoglosseae and Eritrichieae, formerly for the most part included in the genus \“Echinospermum\”, was studied morphologically and histologically by means of SEM and microtome sectioning. 1. The early floral ontogeny is strongly uniform in all species (as well as in two species of the Lithospermeae investigated in addition). The sepal, petal, and stamen primordia display a regular 2/5 spiral phyllotaxis. The two carpels develop very late, when the stamina already exhibit the thecae. Soon the flanks of the carpel primordia fuse and give rise to a gynoecial cone. 2. The four mericarps arise as lateral bulges of the carpels. Thereby the gynoecial cone splits up into a terminal style, an intermediate mericarp-bearing columella, and a basal disk. The latter will apparently act as nectary. The part of the fruit that remains on the plant when the nutlets are released is termed gynobase. 3. Just before the stylar slit closes, a low transverse ridge divides the basal cavity of the gynoecium into two shallow grooves. This ridge is interpreted as the septum. The four ovules develop within the angle between the septum and carpel wall, but are clearly located on the septum. Therefore the placentation is (marginal-)axile. In later developmental stages the funiculi remain united with the carpel walls by intercalary growth, feigning a parietal placentation. 4. From the very first the ovules grow diagonally upwards into the mericarpial cavities. Inside the gynoecium four apical and basal septa narrow the connections between ovarial and mericarpial chambers, leaving only a small tube for each funicle. The abscission layers develop inside these massive diaphragms. 5. False septa, often considered characteristic in the Boraginaceae, do not develop in all species. If present, they originate from subepidermal ventral meristems of the carpels. They are not necessary for the formation of the mericarps. 6. The initial globose shape of the Cynoglosseae nutlets remains until ripening. After bulging up from the gynoecial cone the gynobase grows in horizontal direction. So the nutlets attain a position with their disks parallel with the basal area of the gynoecium. The style seems to insert on the receptacle. A subsequent growth in vertical direction brings the mericarps to their final oblique position. In contrast, in the Eritrichieae a forced vertical growth of the gynobase produces the typical triangular shape and the continuously oblique position of the mericarps. Asperugo and Sclerocaryopsis confirm their isolated position within the Eritrichieae by unusual nutlet arrangement. Neighboring mericarps of different carpels turn to each other. 7. Most members of the Cynoglosseae and Eritrichieae exhibit a thickened rim or broad wing around the disk of the nutlets and/or glochids on the nutlet surface. It may be of systematic importance whether the wings are developed prior to glochids or vice versa. In the latter condition a subsequent peripheral growth of the nutlet margins may produce a broad glochidless rim analogous to a wing. After ontogenetic investigation, genera with similarly looking fruits can be distinguished. Heterocarpy as well as heteromericarpy displaying pairs with different wing and glochid equipment seem to have arisen independently in various genera. 8. A broadened definition for the terms \“eremocarps, mericarps, and fruits (Klausen, Klausenfr\üchte)\” is proposed. It may also be applied to the fruits of some other taxa in which parts of the fruit enclosing seeds break away and leave a gynobase.

}, keywords = {anatomy {\textbullet} boraginaceae {\textbullet} cynoglosseae {\textbullet} eritrichieae {\textbullet} flower {\textbullet} fruit {\textbullet} morphology {\textbullet} ontogeny {\textbullet} sem {\textbullet} systematics {\textbullet} terminology}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {40, title = {Proposal to conserve the name Omphalodes verna against Omphalodes omphaloides (Boraginaceae)}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {63}, year = {2014}, month = {2014///}, pages = {435}, author = {Greuter, W and Stier, V and HH Hilger} } @article {8, title = {Evidence for nonallopatric speciation among closely related sympatric Heliotropium species in the Atacama Desert}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {4}, year = {2014}, month = {2014///}, pages = {266 - 275}, abstract = {The genetic structure of populations of closely related, sympatric species may hold the signature of the geographical mode of the speciation process. In fully allopatric speciation, it is expected that genetic differentiation between species is homogeneously distributed across the genome. In nonallopatric speciation, the genomes may remain undifferentiated to a large extent. In this article, we analyzed the genetic structure of five sympatric species from the plant genus Heliotropium in the Atacama Desert. We used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to characterize the genetic structure of these species and evaluate their genetic differentiation as well as the number of loci subject to positive selection using divergence outlier analysis (DOA). The five species form distinguishable groups in the genetic space, with zones of overlap, indicating that they are possibly not completely isolated. Among-species differentiation accounts for 35\% of the total genetic differentiation (FST = 0.35), and FST between species pairs is positively correlated with phylogenetic distance. DOA suggests that few loci are subject to positive selection, which is in line with a scenario of nonallopatric speciation. These results support the idea that sympatric species of Heliotropium sect. Cochranea are under an ongoing speciation process, characterized by a fluctuation of population ranges in response to pulses of arid and humid periods during Quaternary times.}, isbn = {2045-7758}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.929/abstract}, author = {Federico Luebert and Jacobs, Pit and HH Hilger and Muller, Ludo A. H.} } @article {1, title = {Molecular delimitations in the Ehretiaceae (Boraginales)}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {72}, year = {2014}, month = {2014/03//}, pages = {1 - 6}, abstract = {Major taxa of Ehretiaceae (including parasitic Lennoaceae) have not all been included in previous molecular phylogenetic analyses. As a result, the generic limits and their circumscriptions have not been satisfactorily resolved, despite its importance for floristic studies. To clarify which monophyletic groups can be recognized within the Ehretiaceae, sequences from one nuclear (ITS) and three plastid loci (rps16, trnL{\textendash}trnF, trnS{\textendash}trnG) were obtained from 67 accessions tentatively assigned to the Ehretiaceae (including 91 new GenBank entries) and covering the known diversity of the group. In phylogenetic analyses, Ehretiaceae were monophyletic when Lennoaceae were included and segregated into nine monophyletic lineages that correspond to accepted, morphologically distinct taxonomic units, namely Bourreria (s.l., paraphyletic in its current circumscription if not including Hilsenbergia), monotypic Cortesia, Ehretia (s.l., paraphyletic in its current circumscription if not including Carmona and Rotula), Halgania, monotypic Lennoa, Lepidocordia, Pholisma, Rochefortia, and Tiquilia. Bourreria and Ehretia have representatives in both the Old World and the New World, but all other taxa are restricted to the tropical and subtropical Americas (Cortesia, Lennoa, Lepidocordia, Pholisma, Rochefortia, Tiquilia) or Australia (Halgania). The historical biogeography of Ehretiaceae can be explained by few colonization events. The molecular trees are also discussed with respect to fruit evolution, where the fusion of endocarp parts may have taken place several times independently.}, isbn = {1055-7903}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790313004405}, author = {Marc Gottschling and Federico Luebert and HH Hilger and James S. Miller} } @article {2, title = {From capsules to nutlets {\textendash} Phylogenetic relationships in the Boraginales}, journal = {Cladistics}, volume = {30}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {508-518}, doi = {10.1111/cla.12061}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cla.12061/abstract}, author = {M. Weigend and Federico Luebert and Marc Gottschling and Couvreur, T. L. P. and HH Hilger and James S. Miller} }