@article {122,
	title = {Historical biogeography of Boraginales: West Gondwanan vicariance followed by long-distance dispersal?},
	journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
	volume = {44},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {158{\textendash}169},
	abstract = {<p>Aim To examine the historical biogeography of the Boraginales using molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction. Location World-wide. Methods We constructed data sets that included all major clades of Boraginales and all orders of asterids using previously published sequences of four plastid markers (trnL-trnF, rps16, ndhF, rbcL). We estimated divergence times using a Bayesian uncorrelated, lognormal relaxed clock approach with four different fossil calibration schemes. Ancestral areas were reconstructed using maximum likelihood methods (Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis). Results Boraginales originated during the Early to Late Cretaceous and started its diversification in the Late Cretaceous. The inferred ancestral area of Boraginales includes the Americas and Africa. The two major clades of Boraginales diversified during the Early Paleogene from African and American ancestors respectively. Early branching families in both clades (Codonaceae and Wellstediaceae in one clade and Hydrophyllacee and Namaceae in the other) may have remained restricted to their areas of origin. The other families started diversifying in several regions of the world during the Eocene (Boraginaceae s.str., Heliotropiaceae, Ehretiaceae) or later (Cordiaceae). Main conclusions Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction may be broadly consistent with the idea of a vicariant origin of the two major clades of Boraginales after the break-up of West Gondwana, followed by several independent trans-oceanic dispersal events into most areas of the world. However, uncertainty in both divergence times and ancestral area reconstruction do not rule out the possibility of an origin involving long-distance dispersal.</p>
},
	keywords = {Ancestral area reconstruction, Boraginaceae, historical biogeography, Molecular dating, vicariance, West Gondwana},
	issn = {1365-2699},
	doi = {10.1111/jbi.12841},
	url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jbi.12841/abstract},
	author = {Luebert, Federico and Couvreur, Thomas L. P. and Marc Gottschling and Hilger, Hartmut H. and Miller, James S. and M. Weigend}
}
@article {105,
	title = {Native New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a Pleistocene species radiation with very low genetic divergence},
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {301},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2015/05/01},
	pages = {1455-1471},
	publisher = {Springer Vienna},
	abstract = {<p>Reconstruction of molecular phylogenies is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary history of island plant radiations. The New Zealand forget-me-nots (Myosotis, Boraginaceae) comprise a lineage of over 40 closely related but morphologically and ecologically diverse species whose evolutionary history and taxonomy are unclear. Myosotis is a high priority for systematic research in New Zealand because a high proportion of these species are threatened, and many have restricted geographic ranges and occupy very specific habitats. Here, we investigated the relationships and age of Southern Hemisphere forget-me-nots by performing phylogenetic, molecular dating, and other analyses of DNA sequence datasets from representatives of nearly all described species. To this end, we used both chloroplast (atpI\&ndash;atpH + rps16\&ndash;trnQ) and nuclear ribosomal (ITS + ETS) DNA sequences, as well as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Our analyses showed that genus Myosotis likely arose in the Northern Hemisphere during the Miocene with the ancestor of the Southern Hemisphere lineage arising in the Pleistocene and radiating shortly thereafter. The Southern Hemisphere Myosotis species have very low levels of genetic divergence and their relationships are largely unresolved, likely due to a combination of recent radiation, hybridization, and incomplete lineage sorting. Our results are compared to those of similar studies on other New Zealand species radiations, and implications for ongoing and future Myosotis taxonomic and evolutionary research are discussed.</p>
},
	keywords = {AFLPs, DNA sequence markers, Molecular dating, molecular phylogeny, New Zealand, Species radiation},
	isbn = {0378-2697},
	doi = {10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1166-x},
	author = {Meudt, HeidiM. and Prebble, JessicaM. and Lehnebach, CarlosA.}
}
