@article {HOLSTEIN17017, title = {Waking sleeping beauties: a molecular phylogeny and nomenclator of Halgania (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales)}, journal = {Australian Systematic Botany}, volume = {31}, year = {2018}, pages = {107-119}, abstract = {Halgania (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales) comprises ~20 species of ericoid shrubs endemic to Australia. The current taxonomic concepts based on morphology are confusing and are sometimes based on misidentification or lack of information about the type material. We describe the morphological diversity and infer relationships using molecular phylogenetics. The five petals in all Halgania species are blue to violet (rarely white). The yellow or yellow-purple anthers are connected into a cone surrounding the single style. Differences among the species are mainly found in the indumentum of the plants, the leaf margin (i.e. degree of serration), the sepals (being either of equal or of unequal size) and the length of the beak-like anther appendages. A phylogenetic tree mainly based on ITS sequences retrieves three highly supported groups. The H. andromedifolia clade uniquely has sepals of unequal size, and the H. anagalloides clade exhibits dolabriform trichomes. The remaining taxa (constituting the H. littoralis clade) lack such diagnostic morphological traits, but are reliably retrieved as sister group to the H. anagalloides clade. As a first step towards the taxonomic revision of Halgania, we have compiled a nomenclatural list of all validly published names (at the species level and below), provide information about herbarium deposition of original material and discuss the current use of the names.}, issn = {1030-1887}, doi = {10.1071/SB17017}, url = {http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/SB17017}, author = {Norbert Holstein and Marc Gottschling} } @article {HOLSTEIN20187, title = {Flowers of Halgania (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales) are set up for being buzzed and the role of intertwining anther trichomes}, journal = {Flora}, volume = {240}, year = {2018}, pages = {7-15}, abstract = {Flowers that release their powdery pollen by being vibrated through buzzing are morphologically diverse and have evolved many times independently. Most prominently, buzz-pollination is known from Solanum (Solanaceae) defining the {\textquotedblleft}solanoid{\textquotedblright} flower type by Knut F{\ae}gri. The flowers of buzz-pollinated, Australian Halgania resemble the actinomorphic Solanum floral architecture: The plants have a yellow anther cone with an apical pore, protruding from a widely funnel-shaped to rotate, blue to violet corolla. However, F{\ae}gri rejected the solanoid flower type for some of the Halgania species due to a contracted inflorescence, a funnel-shaped corolla or an ostensible lack of a female stage. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, we investigated traits referring to the floral architecture of Halgania and compared the flowers of different species. In all investigated species the anthers of the cone are connected via long, intertwined trichomes (denoted {\textquotedblleft}capillinection{\textquotedblright}) both between the individual anthers and in the central stylar channel. The anther opening is functionally reduced to an apical pore by 1) capillinection and spatial compression of the thecal walls, leaving only small apical slits and 2) by anther appendages that unify the ten slits to a single pore. Halgania flowers are morphologically similar to each other and are buzz-pollinated. We conclude that they are all structurally and functionally matching the flowers of tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, and thus the concept of solanoid flowers as defined by Knut F{\ae}gri.}, keywords = {Floral sonication, Pollinator guidance, Vibratile pollination}, issn = {0367-2530}, doi = {10.1016/j.flora.2017.12.005}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367253017334047}, author = {Norbert Holstein and Marc Gottschling} } @booklet {121, title = {Towards a monophyletic Omphalodes{\textemdash}or an expansion of North American Mimophytum}, howpublished = {PhytotaxaPhytotaxa}, volume = {288}, number = {2}, year = {2016}, pages = {131{\textendash}144}, abstract = {

Molecular studies have recently led to major changes to the systematics of Boraginaceae and changed our perception of fruit morphology, previously used as the most important character in Boraginaceae classification. Navel-shaped nutlets as the key character for Omphalodes turned out to be highly homoplasious, thus the genus was revealed to be polyphyletic. After the recent reclassifications, the genus Omphalodes is still left paraphyletic, since the remaining taxa correspond to two different lineages: a clade of essentially Mediterranean perennials including the type species (O. verna) and a clade with the annual to subperennial North American taxa including the genus Mimophytum . We here advocate transferring all taxa of the North American clade into the genus Mimophytum, subdividing the genus Omphalodes into morphologically coherent and monophyletic entities. Mimophytum was initially removed from Omphalodes based on its glochidiate nutlets, but this character state does not define a monophyletic entity. In overall morphology, the redefined genus Mimophytum is highly homogeneous and easily differentiated from the other clades: it has a lax growth habit, and leaves are long-petiolate, abruptly contracted at the base into a more or less cordate base, and with a fine pubescence of erect trichomes. After the proposed rearrangements, only O. erecta remains as a problematic species whose systematic placement is still to be found out.

}, keywords = {Eudicots, Boraginaceae, navel seeds, Sierra Madre Oriental}, doi = {10.11646/phytotaxa.288.2.3}, author = {Holstein, Norbert and Chac{\'o}n, Juliana and Otero, Ana and Jim{\'e}nez-Mej{\'\i}as, Pedro and M. Weigend} } @article {119, title = {Lectotypifications and nomenclatural notes in the Boraginaceae s.str. for the Flora of Ecuador}, journal = {Phytotaxa}, volume = {278}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, month = {05/10/2016}, pages = {73}, chapter = {69}, abstract = {

During the preparation of a taxonomic treatment concerning Boraginaceae s.str. for the Flora of Ecuador, we found that there are eleven species currently known in that area. We herewith designate lectotypes for some of the names concerned: Cynoglossum revolutum and Cynoglossum mexicanum (both Hackelia revoluta), Amsinckia hispida and Eritrichium mandonii (both Amsinckia calycina), and Anchusa linifolia and Lithospermum alpinum (both Plagiobothrys linifolius). The complex history of the type material of various synonyms of Plagiobothrys linifolius based on material by Bonpland and Humboldt is briefly discussed.

}, keywords = {Bonpland, Eudicots, Humboldt, Kunth, Ruiz L{\'o}pez \& Pav{\'o}n, South America, typification, Willdenow}, doi = {10.11646/phytotaxa.278.1.9}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.278.1.9}, author = {Holstein, Norbert and M. Weigend} } @booklet {116, title = {No longer shipwrecked{\textemdash}Selkirkia (Boraginaceae) back on the mainland with generic rearrangements in South American {\textquotedblleft}Omphalodes{\textquotedblright} based on molecular data}, howpublished = {PhytotaxaPhytotaxa}, volume = {270}, number = {4}, year = {2016}, month = {24 Aug 2016}, pages = {231{\textendash}251}, publisher = {Magnolia Press}, edition = {24 Aug 2016}, chapter = {231}, abstract = {

The genus Omphalodes (Boraginaceae) has recently been shown to be polyphyletic. Two distantly related lineages have already been segregated into the genera Memoremea (Central Europe) and Nihon (East Asia), respectively. We expanded the taxon sampling in the Omphalodeae and confirm that the genus is still paraphyletic to the two monotypic genera Selkirkia from the Juan Fern\ández Islands off the coast of Chile and Myosotidium from Chatham Island off the coast of New Zealand, plus two South American species currently assigned to Cynoglossum, and one species recently segregated from the latter genus as Mapuchea. Four clades are retrieved in a narrowly delimited Omphalodes group: 1) Iberodes, the annual southwestern European species of Omphalodes s.l. that have been recently segregated into this genus, 2) Omphalodes s.str., perennial western Eurasian species (including the type species of the genus), 3) the North American species of Omphalodes, and 4) the southern hemispheric Myosotidium as sister to a monophyletic group with Mapuchea plus the two other South American species of \“Cynoglossum\” and the island shrub Selkirkia berteroi. We argue that the taxa of this latter clade are best placed into an expanded genus Selkirkia. Selkirkia then represents a morphologically coherent entity with glochidiate nutlets. Its considerable difference in vegetative morphology to Myosotidium is easily explained by the highly divergent habitats the respective plants occupy. Lectotypifications, illustrations, and descriptions are provided for Myosotidium and the species of the expanded genus Selkirkia.

}, keywords = {island woodiness, ITS, molecular phylogeny, Taxonomy, trnL{\textendash}trnL{\textendash}F}, author = {Holstein, Norbert and Chac{\'o}n, Juliana and Hilger, Hartmut H. and M. Weigend} } @article {112, title = {(2388) Proposal to reject the name Myosotis collina (Boraginaceae)}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {64}, number = {5}, year = {2015}, month = {10/2015}, pages = {1058{\textendash}1059}, chapter = {1058}, keywords = {Myosotis arvensis, Myosotis collina, Myosotis discolor, Myosotis ramosissima}, author = {Holstein, Norbert and M. Weigend} }