@article {gottschling_characterisation_2004, title = {Characterisation of a novel fruit type found in Ehretia (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales)}, journal = {{BLUMEA}}, volume = {49}, number = {1}, year = {2004}, pages = {145{\textendash}153}, author = {Marc Gottschling and HH Hilger} } @article {gottschling_first_2003, title = {First fossil record of transfer cells in angiosperms}, volume = {90}, number = {6}, year = {2003}, pages = {957{\textendash}959}, author = {Marc Gottschling and HH Hilger} } @article {gottschling_phylogenetic_2001, title = {Phylogenetic analysis and character evolution of Ehretia and Bourreria (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales) and their allies based on {ITS1} sequences}, volume = {123}, number = {2}, year = {2001}, pages = {249{\textendash}268}, keywords = {Boraginales 2013}, author = {Marc Gottschling and HH Hilger} } @article {gottschling_testing_2004, title = {Testing hypotheses on disjunctions present in the primarily woody Boraginales: Ehretiaceae, Cordiaceae, and Heliotropiaceae, inferred from ITS1 sequence data}, journal = {Int. J. Plant Sci.}, volume = {165}, number = {4 Suppl.}, year = {2004}, pages = {S123{\textendash}S135}, abstract = {

Hypotheses on the origin of the current distribution patterns and bicontinental disjunctions of Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae, and Heliotropiaceae (Primarily Woody Boraginales) are tested by pairwise comparison of Kimura two-parameter distances. Estimated absolute dates of fossils and geological events (plate tectonics, climate changes) were used to calibrate a molecular clock. A mid-Cretaceous origin of the Primarily Woody Boraginales is proposed with an initial diversification in South America. Plate tectonics appear to play a minor role in their phylogeography. Most disjunctions are best explained by the rare events of long-distance dispersal because of the widespread occurrence of drupaceous fruits and their potential for endozoochoria. Furthermore, migrations and extinctions might have played a considerable role in the formation of the current distribution patterns.

}, keywords = {{ITS1}, distribution, divergence rate, Kimura two-parameter distances, long-distance dispersal, paleoclimate, phylogeography, vicariance.}, author = {Marc Gottschling and Diane, N and HH Hilger and M. Weigend} } @article {diane_transfer_2002, title = {Transfer cells in the seeds of Boraginales}, journal = {Bot. J. Linn. Soc.}, volume = {140}, number = {2}, year = {2002}, pages = {155{\textendash}164}, abstract = {

The presence of transfer cells (TCs) in the seeds of Boraginales (Boraginaceae s.s., Hydrophyllaceae, Heliotropiaceae, Ehretiaceae, Cordiaceae and Lennoaceae) has been reported but has not hitherto been studied systematically. This study, surveying the seed anatomy of 50 species of Boraginales, demonstrates that in Heliotropiaceae, Cordiaceae, Ehretiaceae and Lennoaceae, TCs are found in an uninterrupted course from the placenta via the funicle to the seed coat. These families are characterized by indehiscent fruits with a protective endocarp. The TCs may act as a sponge, thus promoting rapid germination when sufficient water is available. In Hydrophyllaceae, which have capsular fruits, TCs are often found but have a different structure and are restricted to the seed coat. Boraginaceae s.s. on the other hand are characterized by a complete absence of TCs in their seeds. The presence of TCs in seeds is considered as a synapomorphic trait and appears to be phylogenetically informative.

}, author = {Diane, N and Hilger, HH and Gottschling, M} } @article {diane_leaf_????, title = {Leaf anatomy and foliar trichomes in Heliotropiaceae and their systematic relevance}, journal = {Flora}, volume = {198}, number = {6}, year = {2003}, pages = {468{\textendash}485}, author = {Diane, N and Jacob, C and HH Hilger} } @article {danin_nomenclature_2000, title = {The nomenclature news of Flora Palestina}, volume = {10}, year = {2000}, pages = {109{\textendash}172}, author = {Danin, A.} } @article {clermont_verbreitung_2003, title = {Verbreitung und Differenzierung der mitteleurop{\"a}ischen Unterarten von Buglossoides arvensis (L.) I.M.Johnst. (Boraginaceae)}, journal = {Feddes Repert.}, volume = {114}, number = {1-2}, year = {2003}, pages = {58{\textendash}70}, abstract = {

The Corn Gromwell (Buglossoides arvensis) has two Central European subspecies, B. arvensis subsp. arvensis and B. arvensis subsp. sibthorpiana. The ITS1-region of 55 European samples was amplified and sequenced and it yielded a 238 bp fragment, which consistently differed by 15 substitutions between the two subspecies. The results suggest that the two subspecies indeed represent two independent taxa and have been confused mainly because of their morphological plasticity. Because of this confusion, distribution and abundance were poorly understood. The subspecies as here redefined can be distinguished as follows: B. arvensis subsp. arvensis has oblong cotyledons, a horizontal gynobase, an unthickened pedicel in fruit, and a cream-coloured corolla. B. arvensis subsp. sibthorpiana has circular cotyledons, an oblique gynobase, an obliquely thickened pedicel in fruit, and a light blue to (more rarely) cream-coloured corolla. The two taxa show some degree of ecological differentiation: B. arvensis subsp. arvensis is only found as a weed in winter cereals, whereas B. arvensis subsp. sibthorpiana is occasionally found as a weed in fields, but also on dry grasslands, sandy waste sites and road sides, and in dry, open forests.

}, author = {Clermont, A. and Zippel, E. and HH Hilger} } @article {buys_boraginaceae_2003, title = {Boraginaceae cymes are exclusively scorpioid and not helicoid}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {52}, number = {4}, year = {2003}, pages = {719{\textendash}724}, abstract = {

Boraginaceae have erroneously been associated with helicoid cymes, when upon closer inspection they exclusively possess scorpioid cymes (cincinni). A discussion of the inflorescence structure in Boraginaceae is presented with the help of an over-view of monochasial branching systems and a three-dimensional representation thereof Reasons for the incorrect description of Boraginaceae inflorescences are also provided

}, author = {Buys, M. and HH Hilger} } @article {briechle_embryogenese_1988, title = {Die Embryogenese von Microparacaryum intermedium und die embryologische Klassifizierung der Boraginaceae nach Sou{\`e}ges}, journal = {Flora}, volume = {181}, year = {1988}, pages = {45{\textendash}59}, author = {Briechle, Monika and HH Hilger} } @article {bhle_island_1996, title = {Island colonization and evolution of the insular woody habit in Echium L. (Boraginaceae)}, volume = {93}, number = {21}, year = {1996}, pages = {11740{\textendash}11745}, author = {U.-R. B{\"o}hle and HH Hilger and Martin, W.F.} } @article {hilger_mikromorphologische_1986, title = {Mikromorphologische Untersuchungen an Klausenoberfl{\"a}chen von Boraginaceae II. Mattiastrum (Boiss.) Brand (Cynoglosseae)}, volume = {61}, year = {1986}, pages = {145{\textendash}165}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {hilger_untersuchungen_1982, title = {Untersuchungen zur Ausbildung der Klausen und ihrer Oberfl{\"a}chenskulpturen bei Paracaryum intermedium (Boraginaceae) aus Jordanien}, journal = {Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen}, volume = {57}, year = {1982}, pages = {205{\textendash}220}, author = {Hilger, HH and Richter, U} } @article {hilger_energiedispersive_1993, title = {Energiedispersive R{\"o}ntgenmikroanalyse (EDX) von Boraginaceae subfam. Boraginoideae - Klausenoberflachen. Sind Silicium- und Calcium - Einlagerungen in die Fruchtwand systematisch verwertbare Merkmale?}, journal = {Flora}, volume = {188}, year = {1993}, pages = {387{\textendash}398}, abstract = {

Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) was used to investigate surfaces of Boraginoideae nutlets with regard to their content and ratios of silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca), respectively. Deposition takes place very short prior to full maturity. Potassium (K) is a third always detectible element.
It is not possible to associate species to a tribe only with respect to different element contents. Morphology and sculpturing of nutlets play a more important role. The Lithospermeae which exhibit the most elaborate pericarp anatomy have a hight amount of Ca deposition in the lumina of the cells of the outermost mesocarp layer.

}, author = {Hilger, HH and Hoppe, JR and Hofmann, M} } @article {hilger_euro+med_2005, title = {The {Euro+Med} treatment of Boraginaceae in Willdenowia 34 - a response}, journal = {Willdenowia}, volume = {35}, year = {2005}, pages = {43{\textendash}48}, author = {HH Hilger and Marc Gottschling and Federico Selvi and Bigazzi, M. and E. Langstr{\"o}m and Zippel, E. and Diane, N. and M. Weigend} } @article {hilger_systematic_2003, title = {A systematic analysis of Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) based on trnL and ITS1 sequence data}, journal = {Bot. Jahrb. Syst.}, volume = {125}, number = {1}, year = {2003}, pages = {19{\textendash}51}, abstract = {

The infrafamilial relationships of Heliotropiaceae (Boraginaceae subfam. Heliotropioideae according to traditional systems) are reevaluated using molecular data of nuclear ITS1 (86 species) and plastidal trn LUAA intron (66 species) sequences. The results obtained from our investigations show that traditional generic limits warrant adjustment. Heliotropiaceae fall into two large clades. The first clade includes, in basal position, the genus Ixorhea . The genus Myriopus (formerly Tournefortia sect. Cyphocyema) is sister to Euploca (formerly Hilgeria, Schleidenia, Heliotropium sect. Orthostachys). The remaining sections of Heliotropium, Tournefortia sect. Tournefortia and the three small genera Argusia, Ceballosia, and Nogalia, segregated from Heliotropium, constitute the second large clade. Argusia, Ceballosia, and Nogalia cluster within clades of Heliotropium and therefore are reincluded in this genus. Within Heliotropium, the species of former Tournefortia sect. Tournefortia represent a lineage of tropical New World Heliotropium species, growing in humid environments, whereas all other Heliotropium species are found in semi-arid habitats. Before new combinations in the genus Heliotropium are made for \"Tournefortia\", the exact relationship within New World Heliotropium needs to be resolved, and a revision of \"Tournefortia\" is inevitable. We advocate maintaining the genus Tournefortia, which is easily defined, and we conclude that under this definition the genus Heliotropium is paraphyletic. Five genera are thus accepted; 22 new combinations within Heliotropiaceae are presented.

}, author = {Hilger, HH and Diane, N} } @article {hilger_pontechium:_2000, title = {Pontechium: a new genus distinct from Echium and Lobostemon (Boraginaceae)}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {49}, number = {4}, year = {2000}, pages = {737{\textendash}746}, abstract = {

Plastid (trnL(UAA) intron, trnL(UAA)-trnF(GAA) spacer) and nuclear (ITS1) DNA sequence analyses do not only confirm the separate position of \„Echium maculatum L.\" which this species holds within the genus Echium due to the presence of a bicapitate rather than a bifid stigma, but necessitate the exclusion of the taxon from the genus Echium (Boraginaceae) and the description of a new genus, Pontechium.

}, keywords = {{DNA}, Boraginaceae, Echiostachys, Echium, Lithospermeae, Lobostemon, Pontechium gen. nov.}, author = {Hilger, HH and B{\"o}hle, UR} } @article {hilger_heteromerikarpie_1985, title = {Heteromerikarpie und Fruchtpolymorphismus bei Microparacaryum, gen. nov. (Boraginaceae)}, volume = {148}, number = {3-4}, year = {1985}, pages = {291{\textendash}312}, author = {HH Hilger and Balzer, M. and Frey, W. and Podlech, D.} } @article {hilger_evolution_1994, title = {Die Evolution der Rauhblattgew{\"a}chse (Boraginaceae) in Makaronesien}, volume = {8}, year = {1994}, pages = {23{\textendash}32}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {hilger_morphology_1992, title = {Morphology of Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) dispersal units}, journal = {Bot. Acta}, volume = {105}, year = {1992}, pages = {387{\textendash}393}, abstract = {

In flowers of Heliotropium s.l. the primary carpel tips are overtopped by commissural outgrowths. Therefore the stylar cleft mimics a lateral orientation of the carpels. In species in which the fruit splits into four diaspores the separation tissues run through both the median and the transverse fruit planes. In species where only two two-seeded nutlets are developed the fruit splits within the false septa and each half is composed of parts of both carpels (\“syn-mericarpids\”).

}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {hilger_diversitt_1992, title = {Diversit{\"a}t trotz starrer Form: die Klausen der Boraginaceae}, year = {1992}, pages = {157}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {hilger_flower_1989, title = {Flower and fruit development in the Macaronesian endemic Ceballosia fruticosa (syn. Messerschmidia fruticosa, Boraginaceae, Heliotropioideae)}, volume = {166}, year = {1989}, pages = {119{\textendash}129}, keywords = {Angiosperms - Boraginaceae - Heliotropioideae - Ceballosia - Messerschmidia - Fruit morphology - anatomy - systematics - Flora of Macaronesia}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {hilger_fruchtbiologische_1987, title = {Fruchtbiologische Untersuchungen an Heliotropioideae (Boraginaceae). I. Die Ontogenie der monospermen Fr{\"u}chte von Heliotropium supinum L.}, journal = {Flora}, volume = {179}, year = {1987}, pages = {291{\textendash}303}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {hilger_flower_1987, title = {Flower and fruit development in Wigandia caracasana (Hydrophyllaceae)}, volume = {74}, number = {2}, year = {1987}, pages = {250{\textendash}259}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {hilger_ontogenie_1985, title = {Ontogenie, Morphologie und systematische Bedeutung gefl{\"u}gelter und glochidientragender Cynoglosseae- und Eritrichieae-Fr{\"u}chte (Boraginaceae)}, journal = {Bot. Jahrb. Syst.}, volume = {105}, number = {1}, year = {1985}, pages = {323{\textendash}378}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {hilger_wachstum_1984, title = {Wachstum und Ausbildungsformen des Gynoeceums von Rochelia (Boraginaceae)}, volume = {146}, year = {1984}, pages = {123{\textendash}139}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {hilger_entwicklungstendenzen_1981, title = {Entwicklungstendenzen im Fruchtbau der anemochoren Boraginaceengattungen Mattiastrum und Paracaryum}, volume = {94}, year = {1981}, pages = {677{\textendash}687}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {hilger_perikarpentwicklung_1981, title = {Die Perikarpentwicklung gefl{\"u}gelter Klausen aus dem Paracaryum -Verwandtschaftskreis (Cynoglosseae, Boraginaceae)}, volume = {138}, year = {1981}, pages = {73{\textendash}88}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {gottschling_congruence_2005, title = {Congruence of a phylogeny of Cordiaceae (Boraginales) inferred from {ITS1} sequence data with morphology, ecology, and biogeography}, volume = {92}, year = {2005}, pages = {425{\textendash}437}, keywords = {Boraginales 2013}, author = {Marc Gottschling and Miller, JS and M. Weigend and HH Hilger} } @article {gottschling_systematic_2002, title = {The systematic position of Ehretia fossils (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales) from the European Tertiary and implications for character evolution}, volume = {121}, number = {2}, year = {2002}, pages = {149{\textendash}156}, author = {Marc Gottschling and Mai, D.H. and HH Hilger} } @article {gottschling_systematic_2004, title = {The systematic position of Ehretia cortesia nom. nov. (= Cortesia cuneifolia: Ehretiaceae, Boraginales) inferred from molecular and morphological data}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {53}, number = {4}, year = {2004}, pages = {919{\textendash}923}, abstract = {

The systematic position of Argentinean Cortesia cuneifolia (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales) is investigated based both on morphological and on ITS1 sequence data. Inferred from a molecular phylogeny, monotypic Cortesia is not isolated from other taxa of Ehretiaceae as previously suggested, but is nested within Ehretia. Cortesia shares a two-parted endocarp with the Ehretia II subclade (including Ehretia microphylla ), which is considered as a derived condition within Ehretiaceae and is the most striking indication for a close relationship of the two. ITS1 sequence data and specialised leaf morphology suggest that Ehretia microphylla is probably the sister species of Cortesia cuneifolia, for which a new name is proposed: Ehretia cortesia.

}, keywords = {Boraginales 2013}, author = {Marc Gottschling and HH Hilger} } @article {selvi_phylogenetic_2004, title = {The phylogenetic relationships of Cynoglottis (Boraginaceae-Boragineae) inferred from {ITS}, {5.8S} and {trnL} sequences}, volume = {246}, number = {3-4}, year = {2004}, pages = {195{\textendash}209}, author = {Federico Selvi and Papini, A. and HH Hilger and Bigazzi, M. and Nardi, E.} } @article {selvi_molecular_2006, title = {Molecular phylogeny, morphology and taxonomic re-circumscription of the generic complex {Nonea/Elizaldia/Pulmonaria/Paraskevia} (Boraginaceae-Boragineae)}, volume = {55}, number = {4}, year = {2006}, pages = {907{\textendash}918}, keywords = {Boraginales 2013}, author = {Federico Selvi and Bigazzi, M. and HH Hilger and Papini, Al.} } @article {hilger_studies_2001, title = {{"Studies} in the Boraginaceae" - an index to the publications of Ivan M. Johnston dealing with the borage familiy}, volume = {11}, year = {2001}, pages = {1{\textendash}151}, keywords = {Boraginales 2013}, author = {HH Hilger and Zippel, E.} } @article {hilger_molecular_2004, title = {Molecular systematics of Boraginaceae tribe Boragineae based on {ITS1} and {trnL} sequences, with special reference to Anchusa s.l.}, volume = {94}, year = {2004}, pages = {201{\textendash}212}, author = {HH Hilger and Federico Selvi and Papini, A. and Bigazzi, M.} } @article {43, title = {J.G.C. Lehmann{\textquoteright}s {\textquoteright}Botanical Observations{\textquoteright} of 1818 on Coldenia, Colsmannia, Cynoglossum, and Omphalodes (commented translation)}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {2014///}, pages = {e1064}, abstract = {

An annotated English translation of a German early 19th century text including Latin diagnoses is presented with a high-quality scan of the original publication and direct links to the cited pages with taxon and literature citations (including TL-2 entries).

}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.2.e1064}, url = {http://biodiversitydatajournal.com/articles.php?id=1064}, author = {HH Hilger and Cole, TCH and Federico Selvi} } @article {42, title = {Ontogeny, morphology, and systematic significance of glochidiate and winged fruits of Cynoglosseae and Eritrichieae (Boraginaceae)}, journal = {Plant diversity and evolution}, volume = {131}, year = {2014}, month = {2014///}, pages = {167 - 214}, abstract = {

The development of flowers and fruits of 23 species of the Cynoglosseae and Eritrichieae, formerly for the most part included in the genus \“Echinospermum\”, was studied morphologically and histologically by means of SEM and microtome sectioning. 1. The early floral ontogeny is strongly uniform in all species (as well as in two species of the Lithospermeae investigated in addition). The sepal, petal, and stamen primordia display a regular 2/5 spiral phyllotaxis. The two carpels develop very late, when the stamina already exhibit the thecae. Soon the flanks of the carpel primordia fuse and give rise to a gynoecial cone. 2. The four mericarps arise as lateral bulges of the carpels. Thereby the gynoecial cone splits up into a terminal style, an intermediate mericarp-bearing columella, and a basal disk. The latter will apparently act as nectary. The part of the fruit that remains on the plant when the nutlets are released is termed gynobase. 3. Just before the stylar slit closes, a low transverse ridge divides the basal cavity of the gynoecium into two shallow grooves. This ridge is interpreted as the septum. The four ovules develop within the angle between the septum and carpel wall, but are clearly located on the septum. Therefore the placentation is (marginal-)axile. In later developmental stages the funiculi remain united with the carpel walls by intercalary growth, feigning a parietal placentation. 4. From the very first the ovules grow diagonally upwards into the mericarpial cavities. Inside the gynoecium four apical and basal septa narrow the connections between ovarial and mericarpial chambers, leaving only a small tube for each funicle. The abscission layers develop inside these massive diaphragms. 5. False septa, often considered characteristic in the Boraginaceae, do not develop in all species. If present, they originate from subepidermal ventral meristems of the carpels. They are not necessary for the formation of the mericarps. 6. The initial globose shape of the Cynoglosseae nutlets remains until ripening. After bulging up from the gynoecial cone the gynobase grows in horizontal direction. So the nutlets attain a position with their disks parallel with the basal area of the gynoecium. The style seems to insert on the receptacle. A subsequent growth in vertical direction brings the mericarps to their final oblique position. In contrast, in the Eritrichieae a forced vertical growth of the gynobase produces the typical triangular shape and the continuously oblique position of the mericarps. Asperugo and Sclerocaryopsis confirm their isolated position within the Eritrichieae by unusual nutlet arrangement. Neighboring mericarps of different carpels turn to each other. 7. Most members of the Cynoglosseae and Eritrichieae exhibit a thickened rim or broad wing around the disk of the nutlets and/or glochids on the nutlet surface. It may be of systematic importance whether the wings are developed prior to glochids or vice versa. In the latter condition a subsequent peripheral growth of the nutlet margins may produce a broad glochidless rim analogous to a wing. After ontogenetic investigation, genera with similarly looking fruits can be distinguished. Heterocarpy as well as heteromericarpy displaying pairs with different wing and glochid equipment seem to have arisen independently in various genera. 8. A broadened definition for the terms \“eremocarps, mericarps, and fruits (Klausen, Klausenfr\üchte)\” is proposed. It may also be applied to the fruits of some other taxa in which parts of the fruit enclosing seeds break away and leave a gynobase.

}, keywords = {anatomy {\textbullet} boraginaceae {\textbullet} cynoglosseae {\textbullet} eritrichieae {\textbullet} flower {\textbullet} fruit {\textbullet} morphology {\textbullet} ontogeny {\textbullet} sem {\textbullet} systematics {\textbullet} terminology}, author = {HH Hilger} } @article {40, title = {Proposal to conserve the name Omphalodes verna against Omphalodes omphaloides (Boraginaceae)}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {63}, year = {2014}, month = {2014///}, pages = {435}, author = {Greuter, W and Stier, V and HH Hilger} }