@article {88, title = {Non-monophyly of Buglossoides (Boraginaceae: Lithospermeae): Phylogenetic and morphological evidence for the expansion of Glandora and reappraisal of Aegonychon}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {63}, year = {2014}, chapter = {1065}, abstract = {

The phylogeny of the small Old World genus Buglossoides and its position in tribe Lithospermeae was investigated
using nrDNA and cpDNA sequences and morphology. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of ITS-5.8S and trnL-trnF
IGS datasets consistently show that this group is close to Glandora and Lithospermum but not monophyletic. Of the seven spe-
cies usually included, two were retrieved in the genus Glandora, i.e., B. goulandrisiorum from northern Greece and B. gastonii
from the western Pyrenees. Based also on morphology and ecology, the placement of these two rare, rupicolous endemics in
Glandora is here advocated and new combinations are made. The rest of Buglossoides includes two early-diverging clades,
one with annual taxa of section Buglossoides and one with the three perennials of section Margarospermum. Morphological,
palynological and ecological data support the separation of these two groups in distinct genera, Buglossoides s.str. and the
old but largely neglected Aegonychon. Within Buglossoides, two main clades correspond to the B. arvensis and B. incrassata
complexes. These show a largely sympatric distribution from the south Mediterranean to central and northern Europe. Com-
bined with their strong phenotypic polymorphism, this causes difficulties in the distinction between taxa of the two clades,
especially without characteristic cotyledons or fruiting material. Molecular and morphological evidence clearly support the
transfer of the west Mediterranean B. arvensis subsp. permixta to the B. incrassata complex.

}, keywords = {Aegonychon; Boraginaceae; Buglossoides; Glandora; ITS; morphology; pollen; phylogeny; trnL-trnF IGS}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/635.4}, author = {L. Cecchi and A. Coppi and H. H. Hilger and Federico Selvi} } @article {37, title = {Nonea dumanii sp. nov. (Boraginaceae) from the Taurus mountains (south Turkey)}, journal = {Nordic Journal of Botany}, volume = {30}, year = {2012}, chapter = {546}, abstract = {

The new species Nonea dumanii, endemic to the mountains of the western Taurus in south Turkey (C4 Antalya), is described
an illustrated based on original collections by the authors. Karyological observations and analysis of ITS1 DNA sequences
showed that the species is probably hexaploid with 2n = 6x = 60 and has phylogenetic affinity to the diploid N. monticola
from the Paphlagonian mountains as well as to the tetraploid N. anchusoides from northwest Iran and southeast Turkey.
From these allopatric species it is morphologically distinct in characters of the indumentum, flower and fruit. Polyploidy
is supported as a major driving force for speciation in Nonea, especially in the group of Anatolian mountain species with
primary base number x =10.

}, doi = {10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.01552.x}, author = {B. Bilgili and A. Coppi and Federico Selvi} } @article {34, title = {High epizoochorous specialization and low DNA sequence divergence in Mediterranean Cynoglossum (Boraginaceae): Evidence from fruit traits and ITS region}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {60}, year = {2011}, chapter = {969}, abstract = {

Fruit morpho-anatomy and DNA sequence diversity in Euro-Mediterranean taxa of Cynoglossum and the closely
related genera Solenanthus and Pardoglossum were analysed to assess the structural traits that promote dispersal through
transport via the fur of mammals, and to evaluate the phylogenetic value of carpological variation in the group. Electron and
light microscopy showed striking epizoochorous adaptations in characters of the pluricellular projections of the epicarp (glo-
chids), such as multiple apical hooks, conical shape, and finely tuberculate surface, as well as the heavy mineralization of the
cell walls with especially silicon and calcium revealed by X-ray microanalysis. The attachment potential of nutlets to sheep
fleece, estimated through a General Linear Model, was species-specific and relatively high in the taxa with small and light
diaspores (\> 60\%). ITS sequences from 29 specific and infraspecific accessions were poorly variable, with pairwise genetic
distances ranging from 0.002 to 0.097 (mean 0.044). A comparative analysis of ITS sequence diversity in relation to the differ-
ent dispersal strategies in the four main Boraginaceae tribes revealed substantially higher levels of variation and interspecific
genetic distances in the non-epizoochorous groups, including the Cynoglosseae genera Myosotis and Omphalodes. Bayesian and
maximum parsimony tree construction suggested paraphyly of Cynoglossum due to the nested position of Solenanthus apen-
ninus and Pardoglossum. Species-level relationships remained largely unresolved, preventing an estimation of the phylogenetic
significance of fruit characters. Rapid spread across the Mediterranean region via epizoochory by wild mammals is possibly
the primary cause for the lack of genetic divergence among species. During the Holocene, nomadic and transhumant pasture
by domesticated herbivores has likely contributed to further spreading and mixing of previously isolated taxa, possibly causing
events of homoploid hybridization and introgression. More variable molecular markers should be tested to better understand
the impact of these processes in the evolutionary history of Cynoglossum and to solve relationships within Cynoglosseae.

}, keywords = {Boraginaceae; Cynoglossum; epizoochory; fruit morphology; ITS sequences; phylogeny; seed dispersal; systematics}, url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iapt/tax/2011/00000060/00000004/art00003}, author = {Federico Selvi and A. Coppi and L. Cecchi} } @article {32, title = {Phylogeny, karyotype evolution and taxonomy of Cerinthe L. (Boraginaceae)}, journal = {Taxon}, volume = {58}, year = {2009}, chapter = {1307}, abstract = {

A phylogenetic and karyological analysis of the small and poorly known genus Cerinthe L. (Boraginaceae-
Lithospermeae) was performed using ITS sequences and standard chromosomal techniques. All taxa are
diploid with 2n = 16 or 2n = 18 and show a variable degree of infraspecific variation, in particular in the
polymorphic C. major and C. minor. Change in base number is associated with an early split between the
two well-supported clades of C. major, corresponding to Cerinthe sect. Cerinthe, and that of all other taxa
belonging to C. sect. Ceranthe, with the base x = 8 found only in the strictly annual C. major group, and
x = 9 in the other five species of the genus: C. minor, C. glabra, C. tenuiflora, C. retorta and C. palaestina.
The latter section is subdivided into the E Mediterranean, annual lineage of C. palaestina\–C. retorta and
the mainly continental, perennial group of C. minor\–C. glabra, the sister of which is the Corsican endemic
C. tenuiflora. The hypothesis that x = 9 represents the primary haploid number and x = 8 is derived through
descending aneuploidy, is discussed. A taxonomic revision of the genus is provided and the following formal
taxonomic changes are proposed: C. major L. subsp. oranensis (Batt.) Selvi \& Cecchi, stat. nov.; C. major
L. subsp. purpurascens (Boiss.) Selvi \& Cecchi, stat. nov.; C. minor L. subsp. cleiostoma (Boiss. \& Sprun.)
Selvi \& Cecchi, stat. nov. Cerinthe tenuiflora, C. retorta and the poorly known C. palaestina are well-defined
species with little internal variation.

}, keywords = {Boraginaceae, Cerinthe, chromosome evolution, molecular phylogeny, systematics, Taxonomy}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/27757019}, author = {Federico Selvi and L. Cecchi and A. Coppi} }