03131nas a2200253 4500008004100000245014200041210006900183490000700252520235900259653001202618653001102630653001902641653003202660653001202692653001102704653001302715653001902728653001402747100001602761700002002777700001902797700001402816856004702830 2009 eng d00aOrigin of Mediterranean insular endemics in the Boraginales: integrative evidence from molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction0 aOrigin of Mediterranean insular endemics in the Boraginales inte0 v363 a

Aim The presence of numerous reliable fossils and the occurrence of many
endemic island species make the Boraginales particularly suitable for integrative
biogeographical studies. In this paper we aim to elucidate the time frame
and events associated with the origin of selected borages endemic to the
Mediterranean climate zone. More specifically, we describe and examine the
alternative palaeo- and neoendemic hypotheses for their origin.
Location Corsica and Sardinia (continental fragment islands) and the Canary
Islands (an oceanic island archipelago).
Methods Eighty-nine accessions, representing 30 genera from five families
ascribed to the Boraginales, were examined for six chloroplast DNA regions. We
used an integrative approach including phylogenetic analyses (MrBayes),
Bayesian molecular dating (T3 package) with four fossil constraints on nodes,
and biogeographical reconstructions (diva) to elucidate the temporal and spatial
origins of the Corso-Sardinian and Canary Island endemics.
Results Species of Echium endemic to the Canary Islands diverged from their
continental sister clade during the Miocene (15.3 ± 5.4 Ma), probably after the
rise of the oldest islands (c. 20 Ma). Corso-Sardinian endemics of Borago
diverged from their primarily North African sister clade during the late
Miocene-Pliocene (c. 6.9 ± 3.6 Ma), well after the initial fragmentation of the
islands (c. 30 Ma). Similarly, Corso-Sardinian endemics of Anchusa diverged
from the South African Anchusa capensis during the Pliocene–Pleistocene (c. 2.7 ± 2.1 Ma).

Main conclusions The present study reveals an Anatolian origin for Anchusa,
Borago and Echium and underlines the importance of the Eastern Mediterranean
region as a possible reservoir for plant evolution in the Mediterranean Basin. For
Anchusa and Borago, the divergence from their respective sister clades on the two
types of islands post-dated the formation of the islands, thus supporting the neo-
endemic hypothesis, whereas the dating results for the origin of Echium endemics
were less conclusive.
 



 

10aAnchusa10aBorago10aCanary Islands10acontinental fragment island10aCorsica10aEchium10aendemism10aoceanic island10aSardinia.1 aMansion, G.1 aSelvi, Federico1 aGuggisberg, A.1 aConti, E. uhttps://boraginales.myspecies.info/node/3602636nas a2200193 4500008004100000245023100041210006900272490000800341520190000349653001702249653002002266653001302286653002402299653001602323653002602339100001502365700002002380856004202400 2009 eng d00aPhylogenetic relationships of the monotypic genera Halacsya and Paramoltkia and the origins of serpentine adaptation in circum- mediterranean Lithospermeae (Boraginaceae): insights from ITS and matK DNA sequences0 aPhylogenetic relationships of the monotypic genera iHalacsyai an0 v58 3 a

Halacsya and Paramoltkia are monotypic and partially sympatric genera in the Balkans, with no clear relation-
ships among extant Lithospermeae due to striking morphological autapomorphies and scarcity of phylogenetic
analyses in this group. The two species H. sendtneri and P. doerfleri show a strict selectivity for serpentine soils,
posing the question whether this edaphic specialization reflects a common ancestry or a parallel process of adap-
tive evolution in unrelated lineages. DNA sequences from the nuclear ITS and chloroplast matK regions were
generated from multiple accessions of Halacsya and Paramoltkia, and from representatives of 16 other genera
of Mediterranean Lithospermeae. SEM analyses of pollen morphology were also conducted to test relationships
indicated by molecular phylogenies. Parsimony analyses retrieved a clade of morphologically well differentiated
monotypic Lithospermeae including Halacsya and Paramoltkia. ITS provided a better resolution of relationships
and showed the two genera to be sistergroups close to Mairetis and Moltkiopsis, and no affinity to Moltkia as sup-
posed by past authors. Pollen characters corroborated the phylogenetic link between the two Balkan genera. Five
further monophyletic clades were recognised: Onosma-Echium, Moltkia, Lithospermum s.l., Arnebia-Macrotomia,
and Alkanna-Podonosma. Mapping the edaphic preferences of Lithospermeae onto molecular cladograms showed
that serpentinophytism as an obligate condition originated separately in the clade of monotypic genera and in
that of Onosma-Echium. In Halacsya and Paramoltkia it represents an early ecological synapomorphy which
probably originated in situ from non-serpentine ancestors related to Moltkiopsis and Mairetis.

 

10aBoraginaceae10aedaphic habitat10aHalacsya10amolecular phylogeny10aParamoltkia10aserpentine adaptation1 aCecchi, L.1 aSelvi, Federico u http://www.jstor.org/stable/2775693902329nas a2200205 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119490000700188520173000195653001701925653001301942653002501955653002401980653001602004653001302020100002002033700001502053700001402068856004102082 2009 eng d00aPhylogeny, karyotype evolution and taxonomy of Cerinthe L. (Boraginaceae)0 aPhylogeny karyotype evolution and taxonomy of Cerinthe L Boragin0 v583 a

A phylogenetic and karyological analysis of the small and poorly known genus Cerinthe L. (Boraginaceae-
Lithospermeae) was performed using ITS sequences and standard chromosomal techniques. All taxa are
diploid with 2n = 16 or 2n = 18 and show a variable degree of infraspecific variation, in particular in the
polymorphic C. major and C. minor. Change in base number is associated with an early split between the
two well-supported clades of C. major, corresponding to Cerinthe sect. Cerinthe, and that of all other taxa
belonging to C. sect. Ceranthe, with the base x = 8 found only in the strictly annual C. major group, and
x = 9 in the other five species of the genus: C. minor, C. glabra, C. tenuiflora, C. retorta and C. palaestina.
The latter section is subdivided into the E Mediterranean, annual lineage of C. palaestina–C. retorta and
the mainly continental, perennial group of C. minor–C. glabra, the sister of which is the Corsican endemic
C. tenuiflora. The hypothesis that x = 9 represents the primary haploid number and x = 8 is derived through
descending aneuploidy, is discussed. A taxonomic revision of the genus is provided and the following formal
taxonomic changes are proposed: C. major L. subsp. oranensis (Batt.) Selvi & Cecchi, stat. nov.; C. major
L. subsp. purpurascens (Boiss.) Selvi & Cecchi, stat. nov.; C. minor L. subsp. cleiostoma (Boiss. & Sprun.)
Selvi & Cecchi, stat. nov. Cerinthe tenuiflora, C. retorta and the poorly known C. palaestina are well-defined
species with little internal variation.

 

10aBoraginaceae10aCerinthe10achromosome evolution10amolecular phylogeny10asystematics10aTaxonomy1 aSelvi, Federico1 aCecchi, L.1 aCoppi, A. uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/2775701900754nas a2200169 4500008004100000245016200041210006900203260001200272300001400284490000700298653010600305100001600411700002200427700002000449700001500469856010000484 2009 eng d00aMarbleseeds are gromwells - Systematics and evolution of Lithospermum and allies (Boraginaceae tribe Lithospermeae) based on molecular and morphological data0 aMarbleseeds are gromwells Systematics and evolution of Lithosper c2009/// a755 - 7680 v5210aAmerica Fruit Historical biogeography Macromeria Nomosa Onosmodium Phylogeny Pollen morphology Timing1 aWeigend, M.1 aGottschling, Marc1 aSelvi, Federico1 aHilger, HH uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WNH-4WBK7BK-3/2/5ef424fa3684d5c985634011154460d5