02585nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245010700055210006900162300001400231490000700245520173400252653003401986653001702020653002802037653002102065653001502086653001802101100002202119700002802141700002202169700002402191700002202215700001602237856006602253 2017 eng d a1365-269900aHistorical biogeography of Boraginales: West Gondwanan vicariance followed by long-distance dispersal?0 aHistorical biogeography of Boraginales West Gondwanan vicariance a158–1690 v443 a

Aim To examine the historical biogeography of the Boraginales using molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction. Location World-wide. Methods We constructed data sets that included all major clades of Boraginales and all orders of asterids using previously published sequences of four plastid markers (trnL-trnF, rps16, ndhF, rbcL). We estimated divergence times using a Bayesian uncorrelated, lognormal relaxed clock approach with four different fossil calibration schemes. Ancestral areas were reconstructed using maximum likelihood methods (Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis). Results Boraginales originated during the Early to Late Cretaceous and started its diversification in the Late Cretaceous. The inferred ancestral area of Boraginales includes the Americas and Africa. The two major clades of Boraginales diversified during the Early Paleogene from African and American ancestors respectively. Early branching families in both clades (Codonaceae and Wellstediaceae in one clade and Hydrophyllacee and Namaceae in the other) may have remained restricted to their areas of origin. The other families started diversifying in several regions of the world during the Eocene (Boraginaceae s.str., Heliotropiaceae, Ehretiaceae) or later (Cordiaceae). Main conclusions Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction may be broadly consistent with the idea of a vicariant origin of the two major clades of Boraginales after the break-up of West Gondwana, followed by several independent trans-oceanic dispersal events into most areas of the world. However, uncertainty in both divergence times and ancestral area reconstruction do not rule out the possibility of an origin involving long-distance dispersal.

10aAncestral area reconstruction10aBoraginaceae10ahistorical biogeography10aMolecular dating10avicariance10aWest Gondwana1 aLuebert, Federico1 aCouvreur, Thomas, L. P.1 aGottschling, Marc1 aHilger, Hartmut, H.1 aMiller, James, S.1 aWeigend, M. uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jbi.12841/abstract01067nas a2200217 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141300001400210490000700224520042800231653001000659653001700669653001700686653001100703653001800714653001500732653002500747100001500772700001500787856004700802 2000 eng d00aPontechium: a new genus distinct from Echium and Lobostemon (Boraginaceae)0 aiPontechiumi a new genus distinct from iEchiumi and iLobostemoni a737–7460 v493 a

Plastid (trnL(UAA) intron, trnL(UAA)-trnF(GAA) spacer) and nuclear (ITS1) DNA sequence analyses do not only confirm the separate position of „Echium maculatum L." which this species holds within the genus Echium due to the presence of a bicapitate rather than a bifid stigma, but necessitate the exclusion of the taxon from the genus Echium (Boraginaceae) and the description of a new genus, Pontechium.

10a{DNA}10aBoraginaceae10aEchiostachys10aEchium10aLithospermeae10aLobostemon10aPontechium gen. nov.1 aHilger, HH1 aBöhle, UR uhttps://boraginales.myspecies.info/node/6102636nas a2200193 4500008004100000245023100041210006900272490000800341520190000349653001702249653002002266653001302286653002402299653001602323653002602339100001502365700002002380856004202400 2009 eng d00aPhylogenetic relationships of the monotypic genera Halacsya and Paramoltkia and the origins of serpentine adaptation in circum- mediterranean Lithospermeae (Boraginaceae): insights from ITS and matK DNA sequences0 aPhylogenetic relationships of the monotypic genera iHalacsyai an0 v58 3 a

Halacsya and Paramoltkia are monotypic and partially sympatric genera in the Balkans, with no clear relation-
ships among extant Lithospermeae due to striking morphological autapomorphies and scarcity of phylogenetic
analyses in this group. The two species H. sendtneri and P. doerfleri show a strict selectivity for serpentine soils,
posing the question whether this edaphic specialization reflects a common ancestry or a parallel process of adap-
tive evolution in unrelated lineages. DNA sequences from the nuclear ITS and chloroplast matK regions were
generated from multiple accessions of Halacsya and Paramoltkia, and from representatives of 16 other genera
of Mediterranean Lithospermeae. SEM analyses of pollen morphology were also conducted to test relationships
indicated by molecular phylogenies. Parsimony analyses retrieved a clade of morphologically well differentiated
monotypic Lithospermeae including Halacsya and Paramoltkia. ITS provided a better resolution of relationships
and showed the two genera to be sistergroups close to Mairetis and Moltkiopsis, and no affinity to Moltkia as sup-
posed by past authors. Pollen characters corroborated the phylogenetic link between the two Balkan genera. Five
further monophyletic clades were recognised: Onosma-Echium, Moltkia, Lithospermum s.l., Arnebia-Macrotomia,
and Alkanna-Podonosma. Mapping the edaphic preferences of Lithospermeae onto molecular cladograms showed
that serpentinophytism as an obligate condition originated separately in the clade of monotypic genera and in
that of Onosma-Echium. In Halacsya and Paramoltkia it represents an early ecological synapomorphy which
probably originated in situ from non-serpentine ancestors related to Moltkiopsis and Mairetis.

 

10aBoraginaceae10aedaphic habitat10aHalacsya10amolecular phylogeny10aParamoltkia10aserpentine adaptation1 aCecchi, L.1 aSelvi, Federico u http://www.jstor.org/stable/2775693901875nas a2200193 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118490000800187520130900195653001701504653001601521653001801537653001401555653001601569653001301585100002001598700001601618856004701634 2012 eng d00aA synopsis of the genus Cynoglossum (Boraginaceae-Cynoglosseae) in Italy0 asynopsis of the genus Cynoglossum BoraginaceaeCynoglosseae in It0 v1463 a

Based on field and herbarium investigations, a systematic synthesis of the critical genus Cynoglossum (Boraginaceae) in Italy is
provided. Types, diagnostic characters and original iconographies are given for each native species, together with a revised
analytical key. Regional distributions are outlined and a list of selected vouchers is included. Nine species are native to the
Italian territory: Cynoglossum barbaricinum, Cynoglossum cheirifolium, Cynoglossum clandestinum, C. columnae, C. creticum, C.
magellense, C. montanum, C. nebrodense and C. officinale. A new subspecies, named C. nebrodense ssp. lucanum, is described
from some calcareous massifs in S Basilicata and N Calabria. This taxon is morphologically and geographically distinct from
the typical C. nebrodense s.str. In addition, C. dioscoridis and C. germanicum, often reported from Italy, cannot be confirmed
and are apparently to be excluded from the Italian flora. Old herbarium records of C. amabile Stapf & Drummond and C.
coelestinum Lindb. [: Paracaryopsis coelestina (Lindl.) R.R. Mill] from northeast Italy are reported for the first time, although
the presence of these two exotic species in Italy was probably occasional.
 

10aBoraginaceae10aCynoglossum10aItalian flora10akaryology10asystematics10aTaxonomy1 aSelvi, Federico1 aSutorý, K. uhttps://boraginales.myspecies.info/node/3302329nas a2200205 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119490000700188520173000195653001701925653001301942653002501955653002401980653001602004653001302020100002002033700001502053700001402068856004102082 2009 eng d00aPhylogeny, karyotype evolution and taxonomy of Cerinthe L. (Boraginaceae)0 aPhylogeny karyotype evolution and taxonomy of Cerinthe L Boragin0 v583 a

A phylogenetic and karyological analysis of the small and poorly known genus Cerinthe L. (Boraginaceae-
Lithospermeae) was performed using ITS sequences and standard chromosomal techniques. All taxa are
diploid with 2n = 16 or 2n = 18 and show a variable degree of infraspecific variation, in particular in the
polymorphic C. major and C. minor. Change in base number is associated with an early split between the
two well-supported clades of C. major, corresponding to Cerinthe sect. Cerinthe, and that of all other taxa
belonging to C. sect. Ceranthe, with the base x = 8 found only in the strictly annual C. major group, and
x = 9 in the other five species of the genus: C. minor, C. glabra, C. tenuiflora, C. retorta and C. palaestina.
The latter section is subdivided into the E Mediterranean, annual lineage of C. palaestina–C. retorta and
the mainly continental, perennial group of C. minor–C. glabra, the sister of which is the Corsican endemic
C. tenuiflora. The hypothesis that x = 9 represents the primary haploid number and x = 8 is derived through
descending aneuploidy, is discussed. A taxonomic revision of the genus is provided and the following formal
taxonomic changes are proposed: C. major L. subsp. oranensis (Batt.) Selvi & Cecchi, stat. nov.; C. major
L. subsp. purpurascens (Boiss.) Selvi & Cecchi, stat. nov.; C. minor L. subsp. cleiostoma (Boiss. & Sprun.)
Selvi & Cecchi, stat. nov. Cerinthe tenuiflora, C. retorta and the poorly known C. palaestina are well-defined
species with little internal variation.

 

10aBoraginaceae10aCerinthe10achromosome evolution10amolecular phylogeny10asystematics10aTaxonomy1 aSelvi, Federico1 aCecchi, L.1 aCoppi, A. uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/2775701903458nas a2200229 4500008004100000020001400041245015600055210006900211260001400280300001400294490000700308520269000315653001703005653002203022653001903044100001603063700002203079700002003101700002103121700001503142856007103157 2013 eng d a1055-790300aMultiple origins for Hound’s tongues (Cynoglossum L.) and Navel seeds (Omphalodes Mill.) – The phylogeny of the borage family (Boraginaceae s.str.)0 aMultiple origins for Hound s tongues Cynoglossum L and Navel see c2013/09// a604 - 6180 v683 aAbstractRecent studies all indicated that both the affinities and subdivision of Boraginaceae s.str. are unsatisfactorily resolved. Major open issues are the placement and affinities of Boraginaceae s.str. in Boraginales and the major clades of the family, with especially the large tribes Cynoglosseae and Eritrichieae repeatedly retrieved as non-monophyletic groups, and the doubtful monophyly of several larger genera, especially Cynoglossum and Omphalodes. The present study addresses and solves these questions using two plastid markers (trnL–trnF, rps16) on the basis of a sampling including 16 outgroup taxa and 172 ingroup species from 65 genera. The phylogeny shows high statistical support for most nodes on the backbone and on the individual clades. Boraginaceae s.str. are sister to African Wellstediaceae, Wellstediaceae–Boraginaceae s.str. is sister to African Codonaceae. Echiochileae are retrieved as sister to the remainder of Boraginaceae s.str., which, in turn, fall into two major clades, the Boragineae–Lithospermeae (in a well-supported sister relationship) and the Cynoglosseae s.l. (including Eritrichieae). Cynoglosseae s.l. is highly resolved, with Trichodesmeae (incl. Microcaryum, Lasiocaryum) as sister to the remainder of the group. Eritrichieae s.str. (Eritrichium, Hackelia, Lappula) are resolved on a poorly supported polytomy together with the Omphalodes-clade (incl. Myosotidium, Cynoglossum p.p.), and the Mertensia-clade (incl. O. scorpioides, Asperugo). The Myosotideae (Myosotis, Trigonotis, Pseudomertensia) are retrieved in a well-supported sister-relationship to the core-Cynoglosseae, the latter comprising all other genera sampled. Cynoglossum is retrieved as highly para- and polyphyletic, with a large range of generic segregates embedded in Cynoglossum, but other species of Cynoglossum are sister to Microula or to the American “Eritrichieae” (Cryptantha and allied genera). Representatives of the genus Cynoglossum in its current definition are segregated onto six independent lineages, members of Omphalodes onto three independent lineages. At least 11 of the genera here sampled are deeply nested in other genera. The data show that individual details of nutlet morphology (e.g., winged margins, glochidia) are highly homoplasious. Conversely, a complex of nutlet characters (e.g., characters of the gynobase and cicatrix together with nutlet orientation and sculpturing) tends to circumscribe natural units. Geographical distribution of major clades suggests that the family originated in Africa and western Asia and radiated to eastern Eurasia, with several independent dispersal events into Australia and the New World. 10aBoraginaceae10aNutlet morphology10aPhytogeography1 aWeigend, M.1 aLuebert, Federico1 aSelvi, Federico1 aBrokamp, Grischa1 aHilger, HH uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790313001590